The deforming arthrosis of the knee joint is called gonarthrosis in medicine is a degenerative-distribution disease in knee hyaline cartilage, which covers femoral and tibia condyles.
With knee articulation arthrosis, symptoms develop gradually, for years, the main manifestation of the disease is pain, rigidity during movement. It is gonarthrosis that is considered the most common disease among arthrosis of other joints, such as hip arthrosis, arthrosis of the elbow or shoulder joints and fingertips.
Most of the time, the disease affects more than 40, women are more susceptible to arthrosis. Sometimes it develops in young people against the background of injury or in excessive cargo athletes.
Knee arthrosis: symptoms, causes, stages of the disease
Symptoms of knee arthrosis.
There may be several symptoms of a severe disease (bone arthritis, joints), and not all occur at once, but gradually as cartilaginous tissues are destroyed.
Consider the symptoms of knee joint arthrosis at all stages (stages) of the disease.
At the early stage, the patient has a minimum of discomfort, but even a light but very sharp pain in the knee joint, begins to appear. A problem of becoming a long journey or walk becomes problematic. In addition, the pain that endured the body begins to aggravate and the person is already uncomfortable in the knees, after some physical exertion or when climbing sedentary positions, when there is a load at the bottom of the limbs. In such cases, they feel acute pain in the cartilage or knee joint itself. This pain comes out quickly, but each time it returns.
In the next stage of the disease, not only painful sensations are improved, but also begin to modify the knee. Due to the accumulated fluid in the cartilaginous tissue, the knees can become spherical and slightly swollen.
Also, everything is worse. If the disease is not treated, the blood circulation process is disturbed in the knee, the dry hyaline cartilage area and the cartilage itself can crack, after which will begin to collapse, and various types of growth will begin to appear in the bone structure. At this stage, the movement of the cartilage is already very difficult and each step is given to a person with difficulty. The walk causes intense pain, which practically does not end, and discomfort, the degeneration of the cartilage occurs.
The last stage of the disease is when the knee joint is already completely affected, there is no cartilage tissue in the knee, and a person without support simply cannot sit and get up, cannot move completely without intense pain in their movements.
- Symptoms that need to be reacted. A person should react even when the pain that occurs in the knee begins with the slightest tension and tensions in the leg, when when walking or squatting, a crisis occurs on their knees, when the movements are uncomposed, their legs get tired quickly, the swelling appears on the knees.
- What to do if the joints hurt? If the joints of the knees began to hurt or there was a sharp pain in the cups when you get up and sit down, consult a doctor immediately. Do not wait until knee joint arthrosis completely reaches the articulation and knee cartilage, go to the doctor as soon as you feel the first symptoms of the disease. Remember, when the disease has completely impressed the cartilage tissue, bone deformation occurs and pain does not decrease the day at night or when it walked, or without it.
- When to contact a rheumatologist? A person should be addressed to a rheumatologist in the first manifestations (symptoms) of the disease.
- The main symptoms of arthrosis. The main symptoms of knee arthrosis, in which you should build your attention: the pains of any intensity and strength in the knees or a knee, which are felt by a person when lifting from a sitting or lying position when walking; the pain that manifests itself in the glasses of the knees during the elevators on the stairs; The occurrence of pain syndrome immediately after a person leaves a state of rest, for example, rises after sitting and begins to move.
The causes of knee articulation arthrosis.
Knee articulation arthrosis can reach a person for several reasons - this is age (over the years when cartilage wears out) and intense physiotherapy in the leg or leg, and various types of knee injuries and more.
The main reasons for the development of arthrosis:
- Overweight.
- Elderly age.
- Heredity.
- Osteoporosis.
- Deficiency in the body of vitamins and useful traces required for bones.
- Specific work with constant loads in the knee cups.
- Metabolic disorders.
- Sports (intensive training, load on one leg or both legs).
- Knee injuries.
To avoid disability, you should consult a rheumatologist in time for qualified assistance.
What happens with articulation with arthrosis.
At each stage of the disease, its modifications occur in cartilage, joints and knee bones.
Thus, at the beginning of the development of the disease, the cartilage softens hard, it becomes very vulnerable. In addition, micro -transfers and small tears, which gradually increase, appear on the surface of the joints. The next step - the cartilage begins to grow and increase the thickness. The last stage is the complete destruction of the cartilage in a specific or specific joint section.
Knee articulation arthrosis, degree of disease
All rheumatologists reveal the three degrees of arthrosis in the human knee.
First. It is characterized by slight narrowing of slots directly between the joints themselves, which leads to a slight discomfort and no restriction of movement.
The second. In it, doctors observe a pronounced narrowing of cracks between the joints, the formation of osteophytes and cysts, the appearance of a strong crisis in the knees.
The third and the last. In it, there is a change in the forms of osteophytes, there is a partial or complete change (destruction) of bones; The movement of the legs on the knees becomes impossible.
The degree of arthrosis of the knee articulation
- Knee articulation arthrosis 1 degree. At this stage, the disease is emerging only, the cartilage is almost whole and the bones are not deformed. At this time, people have uncommon pain in the knees with some, even frivolous loads in the leg. These pains pass, but then repeatedly appear, pass and appear again, become more frequent, the swelling can begin, which, according to patient observation, occurs without pills and the use of ointments.
- Knee articulation arthrosis 2 degrees. This stage is already characterized by slightly large pain compared to the early stage. Pain occurs not only if there is an intensive load, but also with a common walk when lifting severity when it rises from a sitting position. A distinct knee crushing begins to hear. Already at the indicated stage begins gradually, slowly or intensely (depending on the individuality of the body), the joint is deformed, human movements are limited.
- Knee articulation arthrosis 3 degrees. Finally, and this is the third, the degree of our disease, the symptoms are already very expressed, the pain in the knee joints is regular and the modification of bones is already noticeable by the eyes. Human mobility is almost completely limited, it is very difficult for the patient to choose a convenient position for himself, the pain does not decrease.
Knee articulation arthrosis - symptoms and treatment
General symptoms include:
- the sensation of pain in the cups of the knees when a person moves (the beginning of the disease);
- pain in affected areas, which becomes stronger every day;
- Night pain in knee joints;
- edema in areas affected by the disease;
- Dry crushing on the knees;
- Bone deformation in places affected by the disease.
The main symptoms of knee articulation arthrosis
The main symptoms (the main ones, according to Russian doctors) of Arthrosis are four.
These include:
- pain during knee movement;
- dry crushing in affected places;
- Reduction in the ability to move sick legs;
- Changes affected external areas (complete or partial).
- Diagnosis and treatment for knee joint arthrosis.
Having carefully examined the patient, the rheumatologist evaluates the situation, looking at the visible changes by the eyes in the areas of a knee or both and their direct mobility. The probing method defines the sites of pain and crisis, as well as the intensity of these pain.
In addition to an X -ray for the patient, the doctor prescribes computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (or). These studies are necessary to establish a precise diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment.
Treatment of knee arthrosis, treatment methods
The treatment of arthrosis of any stage of the knee joint includes:
- Treatment methods using medicines;
- Treatment Methods Using Exercise Therapy and Special Physiotherapy;
- Treatment methods using the most common massage;
- Surgical intervention.
Which provides effective therapy.
Effective therapy prescribed by a doctor contributes to:
- acute pain removal;
- Restoration of destroyed cartilaginous tissue (if possible, the result depends on the degree of disease);
- Increased joint mobility.
In the elimination of knee arthrosis, exercise therapy plays a special role, a special diet based on dairy vegetables and massage. If the therapy prescribed for one reason or another has not shown the desired result, the patient receives an operation to install a special prosthesis replacing the joint.
Knee articulation arthrosis: treatment, medicines
Competent treatment with arthrosis of knee joint cartilaginous tissues (violations of cartilage composition) prescribed by the rheumatologist includes a whole complex of medicines. This treatment complex usually includes:
- Nesteroid, in order to remove inflammation, drugs.
- Condropoprotectors.
- Special creams or ointments.
- Therapeutic agents based on which compresses are made.
Most of the time, for the treatment of knee cartilaosis, doctors prescribe the ibuprofen of any manufacturer, Indomethacin of any production, ketoprofen, diclofenac, pyroxicos and others.
The appointment of these medications contributes to the rapid elimination of pain as a result of which the patient can initiate fruit treatment in other ways - the massage method, medical exercise, etc.
As for ointments, most of the time for the patient, the use (rubbing massage movements in the sore area) of such drugs in the form of dense ointments (creams) and gels such as diclofenac, fascum, ferbedon, transient, dolgit and others.
The list of gels and special ointments - External preparations for joints on the modern pharmacological market is very wide and diverse and, therefore, at the recommendation of a doctor, the patient can choose from the total number the most appropriate and effective specifically in his case.
Some of the most popular recipes of traditional medicine against knee arthrosis.
- Treatment with a bardan or the most common bardean. For treatment, it is necessary (it is necessary to take three bardan sheets (it is better to take young leaves), arrest them to the painful knee and wrap them with gauze, which is sold in any pharmacy or dressing. At the top of Marley, it is also better to wear a hot handkerchief. The procedure should be repeated daily before bed, leaving the ballada leaves in a painful point throughout the night.
- With arthrosis and plant juice, Celandine will help. You need to buy or get Celandine juice. Having saturated with both linen juice or any other natural fabric, apply it to a painful point for 45-55 minutes. After removing the resume, immediately grease the join with any vegetable oil. Repeat treatment for at least 10 days, take the same break and repeat the course again.
- Treatment of arthrosis by a tooth -of -leon. For this therapy, it will be necessary to make a collection of flowers of a flourishing lion tooth. To obtain the proper effect, popular healers recommend that patients eat five tooth flowers daily -leon with an empty stomach, previously lowered in cooked warm water and washed on it. Also, from lion tooth flowers, you can make a special grinding infusion. To do this, a bench is taken, which is previously treated with boiling water, half full of tooth flowers -leon and spilled (second half of the jar) by conventional by any triple colony. The product is placed in a dark place and closes under the lid. After 30 days, the infusion can be used to rub sore points. Frictional movements are performed clockwise for 20 to 30 seconds per knee.
After using these compression, about 75% of patients observe a significant improvement in their condition, a decrease in pain and the almost complete disappearance of a knee characteristic crust.
He mustRemember that recipes for traditional medicine do not treat the disease, they can only complement the therapeutic course of drug treatment, making this course more effective.
If you prepare any of the traditional medical media or properly prepare the subjects for this tool, it cannot independently, it is better to buy these components in a pharmacy or ask to collect plants from people with knowledge (healers, grandparents).
Therapeutic gymnastics
A special place in the treatment of knee arthrosis is occupied by special therapeutic gymnastics (exercise therapy). It is prescribed to patients, regardless of the process of treatment to improve flow and blood exit in an affected area, increase muscle strength and prevent contractures. Shown together with the use of special medicines.
LFK for arthrosis is by no means a specific treatment, it is an auxiliary method to combat the disease prescribed in combination with a special medicine course.
Several therapeutic gymnastics exercises for treatment and prevention:
- It is necessary to go to a difficult place (floor). Fold and immediately extend the knees at once with both legs. It is recommended to repeat the exercises for 3-5 minutes as soon as possible in one day. The load on both legs should be the same.
- Lying on the back, on the floor, cross the legs with scissors (foot in the leg, first the right leg from the top and after below), holding the knees in an exposed state. It is recommended that these movements be repeated every day. Exercises should not cause discomfort, with pain, it is better to abandon this exercise.
- Lying on his back, in a solid place, pushing -in turn in the stomach, folding another leg in his knee. These movements, performed daily, will help exclude it from the risk zone. Exercises are recommended to repeat every day for 3-4 minutes as soon as possible. The load on both legs, as in the first case, should be the same.
Exercise therapy for the treatment of knee joint cartilaosis will bring more benefits if you combine therapeutic exercises with a special massage.
Visible changes in condition using physical therapy exercises in the patient may occur within 7 to 10 days.
If you are unable to perform exercise therapy, it is better to refuse exercises.
Knee articulation arthrosis: the first symptoms, treatment, prevention and diet
In short, they would like to notice that, having discovered the first symptoms of the disease, and these are knee joint pain and a characteristic crisis, go immediately to the doctor and start special treatment with medicines.
A diet that will help in arthrosis.
Immediately if you find arthrosis or to avoid the disease, review the diet of your usual diet. In the daily diet, there should be a steam cooked or boiled dish. It is better if foods that have a beneficial effect on bones, ligaments, joints and cartilage are used in food. These products include: all legumes, cottage cheese, hard varieties of cheese, soup, roasted fish, roasted fish, hazelnuts, almonds, pumpkin, zucchini, carrot, broccoli and kale, bone -based prepared.
A diet described above is not a specific method of treatment for effective treatment, it should be used in combination with medications, medical exercise and massage.
The first group of reasons: hereditary and age factors
Heredity
Knee joint arthrosis is a disease in which a hereditary predisposition is quite pronounced. Therefore, if you are a woman and your mother suffered from osteoarthritis anyway (not every knee), the likelihood of obtaining this disease is 2-3 times higher than an average of the population. If you have sisters and they are also sick with arthrosis, the likelihood of your appearance is even more.
In addition, there are diseases with a hereditary predisposition in which connective tissue is affected - called collagensis, which include, for example, a sticler syndrome. In the presence of such defects by collagen - a substance that is part of the ligaments - the likelihood of developing the disease also increases.
In part this group of causes of knee arthrosis, endocrine system diseases are adjacent: diabetes mellitus, lack of female sex hormones in menopause and various other conditions.
Age
Unfortunately, the older one becomes, the greater the risk of osteoarthritis. This is due to the fact that, with age, the capacity of regeneration and restoration cartilage falls and joint metabolism deteriorates.
Therefore, if, at 45, this disease suffers from 1, 5 to 3-4% of the population (US data), almost all third person is sick within 45 to 65 years (30%). And from 65 to 85 years, the frequency of disease development jumps to 80 or more percent!
In addition, in mature patients, the development of the disease is influenced not only by age itself, but also by hormonal changes. Thus, in menopause women, the likelihood of osteoarthritis development increases markedly. This is due to the fact that the estrogens - female sex hormones - regulate the processes of joint metabolism, cartilage, bones and ligaments. When they become smaller (when menopause), metabolism in these tissues worsens and the risk of osteoarthritis increases sharply.
According to a group of causes: congenital and acquired diseases of the musculoskeletal system
Articulation inflammation
Inflammation of the knee joint (arthritis, more precisely, units) is one of the most common causes of gonarthrosis. Unfortunately, most microorganisms that penetrate the joint and cause their inflammation contribute to the fact that the delicate cartilage is deformed. At the same time, its nutrition worsens significantly, the shape of the cartilaginous surfaces of the bones changes, etc.
For all these reasons, normal landslide of cartilage in joint bones is disturbed. This leads to an additional trauma of cartilage, worsens the volume of joint movements and, until the end, creates a very fertile ground for the development of osteoarthritis.
Knee operations and injuries
Another common cause of the disease is the presence of knee injuries and surgical interventions in it. There are often one and the other - for example, when, as a result of sports lesions, operational removal of meniscus is performed. The normal joint function is impaired, the load in cartilage changes, intensifying in atypical places and, as a result, knee osteoarthritis is formed.
Metabolic disorder in the body
The tissue of the cartilage in the joints is one of the few, whose nutrition does not occur through the delivery of nutrients through the blood vessels. Cartilage is "consumed" by the diffusion of nutrients from synovial liquid, as well as directly from the pineal glands according to the same principle.
This is a very subtle and fragile mechanism; Therefore, if several metabolic disorders occur in the body, it can break and stop working. Therefore, some diseases in which metabolism in the body is quite disturbed can contribute to osteoarthritis.
Such diseases include primary and secondary drop, joint condominium, hemochromatosis, ocronoe, as well as Wilson-Konovalov disease and various other diseases. In addition, endocrine diseases can also be added to this group that also affects metabolism throughout the body - diabetes mellitus and lack of female sex hormones (estrogen) in old age due to menopause.
Third group of reasons: increased loads and microtrauma cartilage
Sports and hard work at work
As already mentioned, cartilage nutrition is a very subtle mechanism that can disrupt not only metabolism problems, but also increased knee joint loads.
This often happens with intensive sports, as well as when a person's work involves high physical activity, as well as prolonged standing without the ability to sit and relax.
At the same time, certain muscle groups (for example, the leg and thigh muscles) are overloaded. This worsens nutrition in muscles and joints, which means that there are problems with metabolism within the cartilage, when cartilage simply has no time to recover after such a strong physical effort.
Diagnosis of Arthrosis
Knee joint arthrosis should be differentiated (distinguished) of rheumatic, inflammatory diseases and other diseases with similar symptoms.
For this, a standard exam standard was adopted, which includes a general biochemical blood test, radiographic examination, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound.
With arthrosis, a blood test does not reveal significant deviations from the norm. A change in blood composition, an increase in the level of immune cells and antibodies usually indicates another disease.
Since arthrosis is not manifested in the analysis at all, the only reliable way to diagnose is a hardware exam.
The X -Ray, as the most common and cheaper exam method, is able to accurately identify arthrosis and its internship.
In the image, structural changes in the joints and bones are clearly distinguished. X -ray examination allows to detect structural deformations, determine defects on joint surfaces.
For a reliable determination of gonarthrosis and the stage of its development, an additional examination is used in conjunction with X -ray: in ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging or CT apparatus.
The methodology for the diagnosis of arthrosis is designed to ensure precise detection of the disease in the early stages of development, which will effectively treat it.
Unfortunately, due to the specificities of the disease, the effectiveness of this approach is small: patients are inclined not to pay attention to poor pain and light chroma and are taken to the doctor in the second or third stage of gonarthrosis.
Additional recommendations: Prevention
Preventive measures aim to eliminate risk factors that lead to the development of arthrosis.
It is recommended to engage in moderate physical activity. In this case, the possible injury, overvoltage and hypothermia of the joints should be avoided.
As noted above, no connection between diet and the risk of developing arthrosis has been established.
However, it is advisable to reduce the consumption of salty and spicy foods, alcohol and cigarettes: this will improve the general condition of the body and reduce the load in the joint.
In the presence of a family history, indicating a genetic predisposition, a physical examination should be regularly submitted. In general, arthrosis prevention is to bring a moderate lifestyle. It is important not to start the disease and consult a doctor with the slightest suspicion of arthrosis.